As time goes by...

Cavemen used a pointed stick and a circle of stones to make the first crude sundial. Generations followed with equally rudimentary devices which gradually became more intricate: knotted ropes, hour glasses, water clocks, notched candles, candle clocks and clock lamps.

Finally, mechanical clocks, driven by wheels and weights made their debut during the Middle Ages. These were made more accurate when Galileo discovered the pendulum principle. Locksmith Peter Henlein then invented the coiled mainspring around 1500 and used it in the first portable clocks.

In 1571, Queen Elizabeth I was presented with the first known wristwatch: unfortunately, like most watches of the day, it kept atrocious time. Eighteenth and Nineteenth century craftsmen made the watch a work of art while improving its efficiency. Today, modern technology has brought the watch to a peak of accuracy and beauty and has invented some totally new ways to mark the passage of time.

REASONS TO BUY A FINE WATCH

It's practical. Watches today not only tell time, but they can tell you the day, date and time in other time zones, remind you of an appointment, wake you up and monitor your heartbeat.

It's fashionable. Watch styles reflect and define the times, from sports chronographs to ultra-thin dress styles. They're an important accessory.

It's prestigious. Some watches carry the grace and tradition of names recognized around the world as signifying the highest elegance in jewelry and timepieces.

It's artistic. Fine watches are designed by artisans and craftspeople who fashion case, bracelet, dial and sometimes gems into not just a functional timepiece, but a work of art.

It's a potential heirloom. Your watch can be an investment in beauty and value. Certain gold and diamond watches, over time, even increase in value. Witness the prices some prestige timepieces fetch at famous auction houses. And, it is a lovely remembrance of a loved one.

It's priced to fit your pocket book. Whatever your price range, whatever your need, there's a watch for you. If you enjoy changing your watch to fit your activity, fashionable less-expensive yet highly accurate watches are available from your jeweler in a variety of styles and price ranges. If you can afford the most extravagantly designed, precious metal watch encrusted with gemstones, your jeweler can offer you a wide selection to choose from.

TYPES OF WATCHES

MECHANICAL - The traditional wind up watch. They work because of a mainspring inside the watch which the wearer winds by turning the crown on the side of the watch. The mainspring gradually unwinds and turns tiny interlocking wheels which move the watch hands to measure seconds, minutes and hours.

AUTOMATIC - SELF-WINDING - These watches wind themselves as the wearer moves their wrist. The wearer's are actions cause a weight behind the movement to rotate, winding the mainspring. They can also be wound manually.

QUARTZ - A quartz watch is powered by a battery rather than a mechanical spring. The batteries send electronic impulses through a small bar of synthetic quartz crystal which vibrates more than 32,000 times per second. Those vibrations are channeled through a series of gears that result in one impulse per second.

ANALOG / DIGITAL - These terms refer to the way time is displayed on the dial. Analog simply refers to a watch with traditional time-telling "hands". Quartz analogs are watches in which the hands are moved by the electronic impulses passing from the battery through the quartz crystal to a step motor which moves the hands.

Digital watches display the time with digits - numbers - instead of hands. The numerals are created by either light emitting diodes (LED) or liquid crystal displays (LCD).

Quartz watches are generally more accurate than mechanical watches, for two reasons. One, mechanical watches have many moving parts. That means more friction and less accuracy as the parts interact. Digital's have no moving parts. Two, the quartz crystal's constant and amazingly frequent vibrations per second enable watches to measure the second with unprecedented accuracy. A quartz watch should function properly for years with a battery life of one to five years.

SPECIAL FEATURE - Watches that perform a variety of tasks. Beside telling the hours, minutes and seconds, many watches reveal the month, day and year. Some also give the phases of the moon or the time in other countries or time zones.

CHRONOGRAPH - Chronograph watches measure small fractions of a second. Some are used to calculate speeds, distances and altitudes. There are specialized watches for astronauts, pilots, parachutists and divers - even timepieces that meet the special needs of the blind. Also, fine watches today are specially made to resist water, dust, shock and magnetic fields.

PRICE & STYLE

Watch prices range from around $20 to more than $10,000.

The most expensive watches are those made with precious metals such as gold or platinum and decorated with precious gemstones. They also require the labor of skilled craftspeople. Some of the finest watches are handmade by master watchmakers who have spent a lifetime developing their craft.

Selecting a watch, like selecting any piece of jewelry, should be based on personal taste. Today's watches are not only timekeepers, but are considered important fashion accessories. Men and women make a definite fashion statement by the watch they choose - sporty, dressy, youthful, tailored or sophisticated.

People today are replacing their old-fashioned watch with a complete wardrobe of watches to suite their lifestyles. For sports and leisure, a person may want to wear a chronograph. For business use, a more tailored looking watch with a leather strap and neutral color dial is sometimes desired. For evening and dress wear, the sky is the limit for decorative and elegant watches. Gold or platinum bracelets with or without precious gemstone accents - for men or women - provide an excellent way to show off your fashion panache. To achieve the expensive luxury look without the expense, watches of gold overlay are also available.

WHERE TO BUY YOUR WATCH

No matter what style of watch you choose, there are some guidelines to follow. Buy a watch with a familiar trademark or one whose performance has a good reputation. Always buy from a reputable jeweler whom y0u know and trust in the community, who is available today for advice in making your purchase and tomorrow for service and for future reliable purchases. Since it is difficult, if not impossible for the untrained person to detect a counterfeit, avoid the transient street peddler or questionable mail-order promotions which advertise huge discounts on so called designer or "famous name" watches.

Read your warranty. Be sure that the manufacturer is behind the warranty.

TAKE TIME TO SHOW YOU CARE

* Wind a mechanical watch in a clockwise direction, preferably about the same time each day. Take it off your wrist so as not to place undue pressure on the stem.

* Although many watches are equipped with shock resistant devices, it's not wise to subject it to overly vigorous treatment.

* Replace broken or scratched crystals immediately: even a hairline crack can let dust or moisture into the mechanism, threatening its accuracy.

* Unless the degree of water resistance was clearly specified when you bought the watch, don't risk wearing it into the shower or pool, or on a moist wrist.

* No matter how handy you are, don't attempt any "do-it-yourself" watch repairs. Only an expert watchmaker should be trusted to put your watch back into working condition if there is a problem.

* It's best to replace a battery in a quartz watch before it runs out. Dead batteries left in a watch can leak or corrode and ruin it. Also, don't attempt to change the battery in a watch yourself. Take it to a specially trained jeweler or manufacturer's authorized watchmaker or watch repair person. (Batteries can run one to five years, depending on the watch.)

Finally, if you have any questions, ask your jeweler. Your jeweler values you as a customer and you should trust their judgment.